Architects of Islamic Civilization
Every Muslim, especially teachers, need to know these men and women.
Who created the marvels of Islamic Education? Tafsir? Hadith Studies? Poetry?
| Name | Arabic Name | Death Date | Field | Key Work |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IV. Theology and Philosophy | ||||
| al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī | الحسن البصري | d. 110/728 | Theology | Epistles and sayings |
| Wāṣil b. ʿAṭāʾ | واصل بن عطاء | d. 131/748 | Theology | Doctrinal views (reported) |
| I. Qurʾānic Sciences | ||||
| Muqātil b. Sulaymān | مقاتل بن سليمان | d. 150/767 | Qurʾānic Sciences | Tafsīr Muqātil |
| III. Law and Legal Theory | ||||
| Abū Ḥanīfa | أبو حنيفة | d. 150/767 | Law and Legal Theory | al-Fiqh al-akbar (attributed) |
| VI. Spirituality and Sufism | ||||
| Ibrāhīm b. Adham | إبراهيم بن أدهم | d. 161/778 | Sufism | Sayings and stories |
| V. Language Sciences | ||||
| al-Khalīl b. Aḥmad | الخليل بن أحمد | d. 175/791 | Language Sciences | Kitāb al-ʿAyn |
| III. Law and Legal Theory | ||||
| al-Layth b. Saʿd | الليث بن سعد | d. 175/791 | Law and Legal Theory | Legal opinions (fragments) |
| II. Ḥadīth Sciences | ||||
| Mālik b. Anas | مالك بن أنس | d. 179/795 | Ḥadīth Sciences | al-Muwaṭṭaʾ |
| I. Qurʾānic Sciences | ||||
| ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Zayd b. Aslam | عبد الرحمن بن زيد بن أسلم | d. 182/798 | Qurʾānic Sciences | Tafsīr (fragments) |
| II. Ḥadīth Sciences | ||||
| al-Shāfiʿī | الشافعي | d. 204/820 | Ḥadīth Sciences | al-Risāla |
| III. Law and Legal Theory | ||||
| al-Shāfiʿī | الشافعي | d. 204/820 | Law and Legal Theory | al-Risāla |
| II. Ḥadīth Sciences | ||||
| al-Shāfiʿī | الشافعي | d. 204/820 | Ḥadīth Sciences | al-Risāla |
| III. Law and Legal Theory | ||||
| al-Shāfiʿī | الشافعي | d. 204/820 | Law and Legal Theory | al-Risāla |
| I. Qurʾānic Sciences | ||||
| al-Farrāʾ | الفراء | d. 207/822 | Qurʾānic Sciences | Maʿānī al-Qurʾān |
| II. Ḥadīth Sciences | ||||
| ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Ṣanʿānī | عبد الرزاق الصنعاني | d. 211/827 | Ḥadīth Sciences | al-Muṣannaf |
| VI. Spirituality and Sufism | ||||
| al-Ḥārith al-Muḥāsibī | الحارث المحاسبي | d. 243/857 | Sufism | al-Riʿāya li-ḥuqūq Allāh |
| Dhū’l-Nūn al-Miṣrī | ذو النون المصري | d. 245/859 | Sufism | Sayings, early Sufi doctrine |
| V. Language Sciences | ||||
| al-Jāḥiẓ | الجاحظ | d. 255/869 | Language Sciences | al-Bayān wa’l-tabyīn, al-Ḥayawān |
| II. Ḥadīth Sciences | ||||
| al-Bukhārī | البخاري | d. 256/870 | Ḥadīth Sciences | al-Jāmiʿ al-ṣaḥīḥ |
| III. Law and Legal Theory | ||||
| al-Muzanī | المزني | d. 264/878 | Law and Legal Theory | Mukhtaṣar al-Muzanī |
| VI. Spirituality and Sufism | ||||
| al-Junayd | الجنيد | d. 298/910 | Sufism | Epistles, teachings |
| I. Qurʾānic Sciences | ||||
| al-Ṭabarī | الطبري | d. 310/923 | Qurʾānic Sciences | Jāmiʿ al-bayān |
| IV. Theology and Philosophy | ||||
| al-Ashʿarī | الأشعري | d. 324/935 | Theology | Maqālāt al-islāmiyyīn, al-Ibāna |
| al-Māturīdī | الماتريدي | d. 333/944 | Theology | Kitāb al-tawḥīd |
| al-Fārābī | الفارابي | d. 339/950 | Philosophy | al-Madīna al-fāḍila |
| al-Kindī | الكندي | d. ca. 256/870 | Philosophy | Fī al-falsafa al-ūlā and others |
| V. Language Sciences | ||||
| Abū’l-Aswad al-Duʾalī | أبو الأسود الدؤلي | d. ca. 69/688 | Language Sciences | Early grammar system |
| Sībawayh | سيبويه | d. ca. 180/796 | Language Sciences | al-Kitāb |
